Nissan Skyline GT-R Tuning - GUIDESTAGE 1
Under the hood (stock 170 to 180 awkw)
The legendary RB26DETT lies under the hood of the R32, R33 and R34 GTR
in different forms but the tuning basics remain the same. The engine is
similar to that found in the rest of the nissan skyline range but its
a more hardcore race style engine built for Group A racing in Japan.
Featuring twin cams, 24 valves, solid lifters and a six-throttle inlet
manifold the nissan skyline was claimed to produce 206kw in reality the
actual power figure is much closer to 260kw. Induction is via twin
garret turbochargers with ceramic exhaust wheels and air is cooled by a
large front mount intercooler. This nissan skyline engine is said to be
strong enough to support 600hp with a standard bottom end.
Engine Tuning Stage 1
Exhaust
The RB26DETT is a sweet sounding engine but very quiet in standard form
and as with most factory turbo cars the exhaust causes a huge
restriction. A good free flowing exhaust will have your nissan skyline
sounding great, turbo lag will be reduced, and power gained throughout
the rev range. 15+ awkw achievable
Start with a cat back exhaust either get a local exhaust shop to make
it or buy a after market one. Either way make sure it is at least 3
inches in diameter and has high flow mufflers. This is the cheapest
option and will provide good results. For better results start the
exhaust from the turbo's. Dump pipes from the turbos can either be a
3" open bell mouth or better still a split pipe design to separate the
gases from the turbine and wastegate. However if you choose split dump
pipes make sure there is at least 40cm of separation before they spit
pipe rejoins the main pipe. another 10+ awkw achievable
Intake
Now we have the exhaust side of your nissan skyline breathing the next
step is to get more air into the engine. Either use a high performance
air filter, or replace the air box with a POD style air filters. If you
choose to go the POD filter route I recommend you fabricate some type
of shield to keep hot air from the engine bay away from your intake. A
cold air intake to the filters from the front of your Skyline will also
give you a performance advantage. 5-10 awkw is achievable
Boost increase
Boost should not be increased above 1 bar with the standard GTR turbos
because the ceramic exhaust wheels will fail if to much heat is
produced. The N1 GTR is equipped with larger turbos with steel wheels
in this case you can run 1.5 bar, efficiency runs out above this boost
level. The good news is that GTR's are equipped with a boost restrictor
from factory and once this is removed you can run 1 bar of boost. To do
this locate the yellow banded hose which is connected to the boost
solenoid, there will be a lump where the yellow band is, remove this
restrictor and you will have 1 bar of boost. Alternatives include a
electronic or manual boost controller.
A manual controller is very basic in its operation it bleeds off air
causing the wastegate actuator to open later. The amount of boost run
depends on the amount of air bled form the system. It is critical to
install an after market boost gauge before carrying out this
modification as the stock gauge is not accurate enough. Manual boost
controllers are cheep and easy to install but they do have there
disadvantages, some can cause boost spikes, and boost creep. I have
also found boost tends to tail off high in the rev range.
Electronic boost controllers on the other hand use stepper motors and
monitor boost about every 10th of a second because of this boost spikes
and boost creep are kept to a minimum, and the desired boost level is
held to redline. Electronic boost controllers are expensive and for
this level of modification a manual controller will probably be good
enough but better still just remove the restrictor. 15+ awkw is possible
Cam Gears
At this stage the Nissan skyline will benefit from a set new cam gears
which are relatively cheap. The outright power will be increased but
the main reason for installing cam gears is for a fatter torque and
power curve. Upgraded cams can help reduce lag, improve mid range, and
top end power. HKS, GREADY most other Japanese manufactures make cams
and have proven to give good results. 10kw+ can be achieved
ECU
Nissan ECU's tend to run rich when extra air flow in introduced this
hurts performance you have a few options to fix this problem. An
aftermarket ECU will give good power gains and improve drivability one
popular option is the Apexi SAFC (Super air flow computer). The SAFC is
a piggy back to the ECU and works by tricking the ECU into thinking
your engine is getting more or less air than it actually is. Tuning
should be done be a professional on a dyno, this modification will fix
your air/fuel ratio but you cannot change other variables like timing
ect with the SAFC.
better but more expensive option is the Apexi Power FC which
replaces the standard ECU. Many people choose the Power FC as its less
expensive than other aftermarket ECU's, and it plugs straight into you
old loom so there is no need to cut any wires. All parameters of your
car can be tuned with a Power FC but once again it should be dyno tuned
by a professional. Please note the power FC.
Another option is to get your standard ECU remapped this is a good idea
if your not planning future modifications. If you are however the Power
FC is a better option as you will save money in tuning costs. 20+ awkw
is achievable
Clutch and Flywheel
At this level of modification its likely that the stock nissan skyline
clutch will need upgrading to handle the extra power. If you are
launching the car hard (drag racing ect) the standard clutch will wear
out quickly and need upgrading. Popular upgrades include the Exeedy
range of clutches. Many people choose to upgrade the flywheel at the
same time a lightened fly wheel will improve acceleration.
Conclusion (up to 250 awkw with stage 1 modifcations)
This completes stage 1 engine tuning for the nissan skyline GTR.
Basically at this stage we are at the limits of the standard turbo and
fuel systems but in terms of car modification this level of tuning is
offers great value for money. Many people with these modifications with
and a well sorted suspension and tyre packages have run low 12 to high
11 second quarter mile passes.
STAGE 2
Engine Tuning Stage 2
Stage 2 of tuning is where things start to get expensive as we need to
upgrade many of the standard systems. Nissan Skyline RB engines are
known for the strength and the RB26DETT is the strongest animal with
regular maintenance and a safe tune 330+ awkw is possible.
Turbo Selection
Many good turbo options are available for the Nissan Skyline GTR I
recommend turbos that will bolt onto standard manifolds, this will
save time and money in the long run. Popular models include;
HKS 2510 response close to stock with slight power increase
HKS GTSS responsive turbo with max power output of around 300 awkw
Nissan N1, Garrett 2560r, HKS2530 are similar to each other, a good
compromise between lag and max power, and 350+ awkw is possible.
Fuel system
The GTR fuel pump and injectors are good for levels up 265rwkw, any
more than this and you are starting to push safe limits. Popular
upgrades include pumps from bosch, walbro, and tomei. Nengun.com has
many injector and fuel pump upgrades available for the Nissan Skyline
GTR just remember to choose items which will support your power target
and allow some room for future upgrades if need be.
Intercooler Upgrade
The GTR Nissan Skyline intercooler runs out of its efficiency range at
power levels above 300rwkw and needs to be upgraded. Many aftermarket
bolt on kits are available for the GTR starting at around AU$1000 but
as with most things you get what you pay for. Be aware a small decrease
in throttle response may be noticeable due to the extra piping and
larger core size.
Airflow Meter's
To improve the tunability of the engine its a good idea to upgrade your
airflow meter's this allows for finer tuning which will result in
smoother power delivery and make it easier for the tuner to produce a
higher peak power output . Popular upgrade choices include the Z32 and
the Q45. The Z32 is cheaper of the 2 but the Q45 will allow more
airflow.
Airflow meters
How they work
Air is measured using a sensor and this value is converted to a voltage
which the ECU see's. For example 4 volts is the measured at idol and
12v measured at full thottle (im not sure what the actual values are).
Engines are tuned by using both the airflow meter and engine RPM.
Rule of thumb for Air Flow meters maximum power they can messure
Number of AFMS 1 2
RB26 149 299 65mm
RB20/RB25 226 453 80mm
Z32 255 511 80mm
Q45 302 605 90mm
Airflow-meters alow more presice tuning but you can still tune your
engine when exeeding flow limits by using the RPM scale. For example
you could use a single Z32 AFM for a engine producing over 300rwkw
ECU
If you have not done so already the ECU will need to be upgraded as
stated before the Power FC is a popular option due to its price, ease
of installation, and use. There are plenty of other options that are
superior to the Power FC and allow many other tuning functions like
launch control, and the ability to use a map sensor instead of the
airflow meter. But the FC is still a popular and is proven to perform.
Head Gasket
Running boost levels above 1.2 may require a new metal head gasket to
lower compression and improve reliability. Opinions differ on this
subject so I think its best to ask you tuner.
Clutch and flywheel
The stock clutch will certainly fail quickly at this power level the
hardest part is finding a clutch that will handle the power yet not
make your car a pig to drive. Exeedy seem to be popular and reliable
choice and while you are upgrading your clutch a lightened flywheel is
well worth considering. This will help the car rev quicker but the
trade off is your car will loose momentum quicker to.
Cams
At this stage the Nissan skyline will benefit from a set new cams. The
outright power will be increased but the main reason for installing
cams is for a fatter torque and power curve. Upgraded cams can help
reduce lag, improve mid and top end power. Popular choice is tomei pon
cams as they fit without modification and are proven to give good
results.
Source; www.zerotohundred.com